Molecular glasses with functionalizable groups

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is a compound having Formula I: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a salt thereof, in which R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are as defined herein. Also disclosed are processes to prepare compounds of Formula I and use of compounds of Formula I to prepare stable glassy phases.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The applicant hereby claims priority from previously filed Canadian patent application serial number CA 2,276,434, filed Dec. 16, 2011, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present discovery relates generally to molecular glasses, and more particularly to 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as glass-inducing moieties.

BACKGROUND

Several applications require materials to be processed into a glassy, amorphous form. For this purpose, inorganic glasses (SiO₂, for example), or polymers, are often employed, but small molecules are an appealing alternative because they are typically easier to purify, characterize and process due to the fact that they are monodisperse species. Small molecules capable of readily forming glassy phases at ambient temperatures are called molecular glasses or amorphous molecular materials, and currently see widespread use in optoelectronics (primarily as hole-transport materials in OLEDs), in nanolithography, and in amorphous drug formulations. [Hancock, B. C.; Zografi, G. “Characteristics and Significance of the Amorphous State in Pharmaceutical Systems”, J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86, 1-12. Shirota, Y. “Organic materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices”, J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10, 1-25. Yu, L. “Amorphous pharmaceutical solids: preparation, characterization and stabilization”, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2001, 48, 27-42. Shirota, Y. “Photo- and electroactive amorphous molecular materials—molecular design, syntheses, reactions, properties, and applications”, J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 75-93. Dai, J.; Chang, S. W.; Hamad, A.; Yang, D.; Felix, N.; Ober, C. K. “Molecular Glass Resists for High-Resolution Patterning”, Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 3404-3411. Gra{hacek over (z)}ulevi{hacek over (c)}ius, J. V. “Charge-transporting polymers and molecular glasses for optoelectronic applications”, Polym. Adv. Technol. 2006, 17, 694-696.]

The two most commonly occurring problems with molecular glasses are: (1) limited accessibility of the glassy phase, as most compounds only form glasses when cooled extremely rapidly or through other special processing, and (2) their tendency to crystallize upon heating or standing for extended periods of time, due to the metastability of the glassy state and the higher mobility of small molecules relative to polymers. [Ediger, M. D.; Angell, C. A.; Nagel, S. R. “Supercooled Liquids and Glasses”, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13200-13212.] Thus, the current challenge with molecular glasses is to design compounds capable of readily accessing the glassy state, even upon slow cooling, and that do not re-crystallize upon heating or prolonged standing. While several examples of such glasses have been reported, and some guidelines for molecular glass design have been established (for example, most glass-forming small molecules possess globular and irregular shapes to prevent efficient packing, and typically avoid strong and directional intermolecular interactions), the design of a glass-forming compound for a specific purpose requires some measure of trial-and-error screening of molecular structures, because the molecular structure must be tailor-made to fit the structural requirements for glass formation, often involving a multi-step synthesis where the molecular structure as a whole serves to disfavour crystallization. [Ishow, E.; Bellaiche, C.; Bouteiller, L.; Nakatani, K.; Delaire, J. A. “Versatile Synthesis of Small NLO-Active Molecules Forming Amorphous Materials with Spontaneous Second-Order NLO Response”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15744-15745. Tamino, T.; Yoshikawa, S.; Ujike, T.; Nagahama, D.; Moriwaki, K.; Takahashi, T.; Kotani, Y.; Nakano, H.; Shirota, Y. “Creation of azobenzene-based photochromic amorphous molecular materials-synthesis, glass-forming properties and photochromic response”, J. Mater. Chem. 2007, 17, 4953-4963. Nagahama, D.; Nakano, H.; Shirota, Y. “Synthesis and Photochromic Response of a New Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material Based on Spirooxazine”, J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 2008, 21, 755-757.]Therefore, there currently exists no general glass-inducing moiety that can be readily introduced by a simple synthetic procedure on a given compound to promote the formation of glassy phases.

Previously, we have developed a series of glasses based on mexylaminotriazines that show all the desirable properties for glass formation; in this case, however, it has been shown that hydrogen bonding contributes to promote glass formation through the formation of supramolecular aggregates that pack poorly. The hydrogen bonding provides an additional energetic barrier to reorganization of molecules in the solid state, which eventually leads to crystallization. [Wuest, J. D.; Lebel, O. “Anarchy in the solid state: structural dependence on glass-forming ability in triazine-based molecular glasses”, Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, 7393-7402. Wang, R.; Pellerin, C.; Lebel, O. “Role of Hydrogen Bonding in the Formation of Glasses by Small Molecules: A Triazine Case Study”, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 2747-2753. Plante, A.; Mauran, D.; Carvalho, S. P.; Page, J. Y. S. D.; Pellerin, C.; Lebel, O. “Tg and Rheological Properties of Triazine-Based Molecular Glasses: Incriminating Evidence Against Hydrogen Bonds”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 14884-14891.]

We have previously demonstrated that compounds that readily crystallize, such as tetraphehylporphyrin (TPP), can be made to form glasses by functionalization with mexylaminotriazine units. However, in this example, it was necessary to build the glass-inducing moieties on the TPP core in several steps and a global yield close to 50%. [Meunier, A.; Lebel, O. “A Glass Forming Module for Organic Molecules Making Tetraphenylporphyrin Lose its Crystallinity”, Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 1896-1899.]

Therefore, novel molecular glasses that can be grafted covalently on a given core compound to induce the formation of glassy phases in one facile, high-yielding step is highly desirable, because it will (1) reduce the amount of screening necessary to identify structures which lead to a high propensity of forming glasses and a high longevity of the glassy state, and (2) enable to access molecular glasses with various properties for various applications in a rapid and efficient fashion starting from a few common precursor “snap-on” glasses that can be conveniently synthesized.

BRIEF SUMMARY

We have discovered molecular glasses that are capable of readily forming glassy phases (molecular glasses) and recrystallizes extremely slowly over time, which can be bonded covalently in one step to a compound of interest to impart to the latter its glass-forming properties.

Accordingly in one aspect, there is provided a compound having Formula I:

or a salt thereof wherein:

R¹ is 1) H,

2) halogen,

3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃,

6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl,

15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is

1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents;

R³ is 1) R^(A),

2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B);

R⁴ is 1) H,

2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl;

R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is

1) halogen,

2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH,

25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; and R^(B) is

1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).

Accordingly in another aspect, there is provided a precursor compound of the following Formula 2:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising:

a) heating an intermediate compound of

with a R³NH₂ in the presence of a base so as to produce a compound of Formula I, wherein R¹, R² and R³ are as defined above.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising:

a) reacting an intermediate compound

with R¹NH₂ in the presence of a catalyst so as to produce a compound of Formula I,

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are as defined above.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) heating

with

so as to produce a compound of Formula

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are as defined above, and R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, OR⁴, SR⁴, OCOR⁴, OCO₂R⁴, OCONR⁴ ₂, SCOR⁴, SCO₂R⁴, SCONR⁴ ₂, OSO₂R⁴, OSO₃R⁴, OPO(OR⁴)₂, 1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl (OBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazolyl (OAt), 1-hydroxy-6-chlorobenzotriazolyl (OCt), ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate, hydroxysuccinimidyl (OSu), and hydroxyphthalimidyl (OPhth), wherein R⁴ is as defined above.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of an intermediate of Formula 2:

the process comprising: a) reacting

with R¹⁰—NH₂ at room temperature in the presence of a base so as to produce the intermediate, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of the following Formula:

the process comprising: a) reacting

with R⁵-R¹³ in the presence of a base, the “-” between the R⁵ and the R¹³ indicating a covalent bond, wherein

wherein R¹, R², R⁵ and R¹³ are as defined herein.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) heating with

R³NH₂ so as to produce a compound of Formula I, wherein R³ is as defined above, and R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of the following Formula: the process comprising:

-   -   a) reacting

with i) R¹¹NO₂ or MNO₂ and ii) MR¹², wherein R¹ and R² are as defined above, and R¹¹ is C₁-C₆ alkyl and R¹² is an aryl or heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of: NH₂, OH, N₃, CN, formaldoxime (CH₂NOH), a thiocarboxylate (R³C(O)S), thiolate (R³S), dithiocarbamate (R³NC(S)S) and xanthate (R³OC(S)S salt, in which R³ is as defined above; and M is a metal.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided use of a compound of Formula I

or a salt thereof, as described above, as an amorphous material.

Accordingly, in another aspect there is provided a method of forming stable glassy phases in compounds otherwise incapable of doing so spontaneously during slow cooling from a melt at a rate equal to or lower than 10° C./min., the method comprising

-   -   reacting a compound having Formula I.

as described above, with a compound of interest incapable of glass formation, the reaction taking place between the R^(A) substituent and an R^(C) substituent on the compound of interest so as to form a covalent bond therebetween, wherein the R^(C) is selected from the group consisting of: 1) halogen,

2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴ 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH,

25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply:

The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein, the term “comprising” is intended to mean that the list of elements following the word “comprising” are required or mandatory but that other elements are optional and may or may not be present.

As used herein, the term “consisting of” is intended to mean including and limited to whatever follows the phrase “consisting of”. Thus the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory and that no other elements may be present.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” is intended to include both branched and straight chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, for example, C₁-C₆ as in C₁-C₆ alkyl is defined as including groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement, and C₁-C₄ as in C₁-C₄ alklyl is defined as including groups having 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement. Examples of C₁-C₆ alkyl as defined above include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.

As used herein, the term, “alkenyl” is intended to mean unsaturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms therein, and in which at least two of the carbon atoms are bonded to each other by a double bond, and having either E or Z regeochemistry and combinations thereof. For example, C₂-C₆ as in C₂-C₆ alkenyl is defined as including groups having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement, at least two of the carbon atoms being bonded together by a double bond. Examples of C₂-C₆ alkenyl include ethenyl (vinyl), 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkynyl” is intended to mean unsaturated, straight chain hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms therein and in which at least two carbon atoms are bonded together by a triple bond. For example C₂-C₄ as in C₂-C₄ alkynyl is defined as including groups having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms in a chain, at least two of the carbon atoms being bonded together by a triple bond. Examples of such alkynyls include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” is intended to mean a monocyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having the specified number of carbon atoms therein, for example, C₃-C₇ as in C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl is defined as including groups having 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbons in a monocyclic arrangement. Examples of C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl as defined above include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

As used herein, the term “halo” or “halogen” is intended to mean fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” is intended to mean an alkyl as defined above, in which each hydrogen atom may be successively replaced by a halogen atom. Examples of haloalkyls include, but are not limited to, CH₂F, CHF₂ and CF₃.

As used herein the term “perfluoroalkyl” is intended to mean substituents of the following formula: (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20.

As used herein, the term “aryl”, either alone or in combination with another radical, means a carbocyclic aromatic monocyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms which may be further fused to a second 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic group which may be aromatic, saturated or unsaturated. Aryl includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, indanyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and tetrahydronaphthyl. The aryls may be connected to another group either at a suitable position on the cycloalkyl ring or the aromatic ring.

As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” is intended to mean a monocyclic or bicyclic ring system of up to ten atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic, and contains from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S. The heteroaryl substituent may be attached either via a ring carbon atom or one of the heteroatoms. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzo[b]thienyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, napthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, isothiazolyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, indolinyl, and isoindolinyl.

As used herein, the term “heterocycle”, “heterocyclic” or “heterocyclyl” is intended to mean a 5, 6, or 7 membered non-aromatic ring system containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidyl, pyrrolinyl, piperazinyl, imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, and pyrazolinyl,

As used herein, the term “heteroatom” is intended to mean O, S or N.

As used herein, the term “metal” or “M” is intended to mean either alkali (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) or earth alkaline (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) metals. Also included are transition metals (e.g. Ti, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe), main group metals (e.g. Al, In, Sn), lanthanides (e.g. Gd, Eu, Ce) or actinides (e.g. Th, U). Appropriate stoichiometry means that depending on the respective charge of the metal and counterion, the stoichiometry of both species may vary. For example, Na₂CO₃ vs. MgCO₃, NaOH vs. Ca(OH)₂ vs. AI(OH)₃.

As used herein, the term “mexyl” is intended to mean a 3,5-dimethylphenyl group having the following structure:

As used herein, the term “salt” is intended to mean both acid and base addition salts. As used herein, the term “acid addition salt” is intended to mean those salts which are formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. As used herein, the term “base addition salt” is intended to mean those salts prepared from addition of an inorganic base to the free acid. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like.

If the substituents themselves are incompatible with the synthetic methods of the present invention, the substituent may be protected with a suitable protecting group (PG) that is stable to the reaction conditions used in these methods. The protecting group may be removed at a suitable point in the reaction sequence of the method to provide a desired intermediate or target compound. Suitable protecting groups and the methods for protecting and de-protecting different substituents using such suitable protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art; examples of which may be found in T. Greene and P. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Chemical Synthesis (3.sup.rd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, NY (1999). In some instances, a substituent may be specifically selected to be reactive under the reaction conditions used in the methods described herein. Under these circumstances, the reaction conditions convert the selected substituent into another substituent that is either useful in an intermediate compound in the methods described herein or is a desired substituent in a target compound.

I. Molecular Glasses

We have discovered derivatized 1,3,5 triazine compounds which are capable of readily forming glassy phases and which recrystallize extremely slowly over time. These compounds be bonded covalently in one step to a compound of interest to impart to the latter its glass-forming properties. The compounds of interest include, but are not limited to, a dye, a fluorophore, a semiconductor, a ligand for transition metals, and a calixarene derivative. These compounds of interest contain a functional group strategically designed to react with a reactive group on the molecular glasses as described herein to form a covalent bond.

Core:

Broadly speaking, the present discovery concerns compounds as represented by Formula I:

or a salt thereof,

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are as defined hereinabove and hereinafter.

One subset of compounds of Formula I include compounds of Formula I.2:

wherein q is an integer of 2 or 3, and R¹ and R^(A) are as defined hereinabove and hereinafter. The wavy line is intended to indicate that the R¹ substituents can be covalently bonded to the phenyl ring, when q is 2, in the 3 and 5 positions; or, when q is 3, in the 3, 4, and 5 positions or the 2, 3, and 5 positions.

Specific examples of compounds of Formula I.2 include compounds of Formula I.2 through I.12:

wherein R¹ and R^(A) are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow.

An alternative subset of compounds of Formula I includes compounds of Formula I.13,

wherein R¹, R² and R^(A) are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow.

One example of compounds of Formula I.13 include compounds of Formula I.14:

wherein q is an integer of 2 or 3, and R¹, and R^(A) are as defined herein. The wavy line is intended to indicate that the R¹ substituents can be covalently bonded to the phenyl ring, when q is 2, in the 3 and 5 positions; or, when q is 3, in the 3, 4, and 5 positions or the 2, 3, and 5 positions.

Specific examples of compounds of Formula I.14 include compounds of Formula I.17 and I.18:

wherein R¹ and R^(A) are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow.

An alternative subset of compounds of Formula I includes compounds of Formula I.17,

wherein R¹, R² and RA are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow.

One example of compounds of Formula I.17 include compounds of Formula I.18:

wherein q is an integer of 2 or 3, and R¹, R^(A) are as defined herein. The wavy line is intended to indicate that the R¹ substituents can be covalently bonded to the phenyl ring, when q is 2, in the 3 and 5 positions; or, when q is 3, in the 3, 4, and 5 positions or the 2, 3, and 5 positions.

Specific examples of compounds of Formula I.18 include compounds of Formula I.19, I.20 and I.21:

wherein R¹ and R^(A) are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow.

R¹:

In one subset of compounds, R¹ is

1) H,

2) halogen,

3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃,

6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl,

15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃.

In one example, R¹ is

1) OR⁴, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) N(R⁴)₂, 4) SR⁴, 5) COR⁴, 6) CO₂R⁴, or 7) CON(R⁴)₂.

In one example, R¹ is N(R⁴)₂. In one example, R¹ is NHCH₃.

R²:

In one subset, R² is

1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents.

In one example, R² is phenyl substituted with two or three R¹ substituents.

Examples of R² are selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein.

In one example, R² is phenyl substituted with two R¹ substituents.

Specific examples of R² are selected from the group consisting of:

In one example, R² is phenyl substituted with three R¹ substituents.

In one example, R² is

R³:

In one subset, R³ is

1) R^(A),

2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A) 3) aryl-R^(A) 4) heteroaryl-R^(A) 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B);

In one example, R³ is phenyl-R^(A).

Examples of R³ are selected from the group consisting of:

R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein, and X is NR⁴, O or S.

Specific examples of R³ are selected from the group consisting of:

In an alternative subset, R³ is C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A).

Examples of R³ are selected from the group consisting of:

R⁴:

In one subset, R⁴ is

1) H,

2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl.

R⁵:

In one subset, R⁵ is

1) halogen or

2) OSO₂R⁴.

Examples of R⁵ are selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, I, and OSO₂R⁴.

R⁶:

In one subset, R⁶ is

1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂.

Examples of R⁶ are selected from the group consisting of: NO₂, CN, COR⁴, CO₂R⁴, CONR⁴ ₂, PO(OR⁴)₂, PO(NR⁴ ₂)₂, SO₂R⁴, and SO₂NR⁴ ₂.

R¹⁰:

In one subset, R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. Examples of R¹⁰ include Me, Et or iPr.

R¹³:

one subset, R¹³ is an alkyl or acyl group containing one or several alkene, alkyne, halogen, sulfonate, alcohol, thiol, amine, azide, epoxy, carbonyl, or carboxyl groups.

R²⁰:

In one subset, R²⁰ is

1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH. R^(A):

In one subset, R^(A) is

1) halogen,

2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴ 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, or

25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS.

Examples of R^(A) are selected from the group consisting of: NH₂, OH, SH, Br, Cl, I, CHO, CO₂H, N₃, CH₂Br,

and

R^(B):

In one subset, R^(B) is

1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).

SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY I: Synthesis of Formula I Compounds

Glass forming compounds of the Formula I, in which R¹, R² and R³ are as defined hereinabove and hereinbelow, may be synthesized according to Schemes 1 through 3 below.

In accordance with Schemes 1-3, cyanuric chloride is successively reacted with three different nucleophiles at various temperatures to give the trisubstituted triazine having Formula I. The order of substitution is irrelevant and substituents can be introduced in any order. In some cases, however, the synthetic methodology dictates the order of substitution. Two of these nucleophiles are primary amines bearing the R² and R³ substituents, while the other nucleophile, R¹, can be a primary or secondary amine, an alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl organometallic reagent, an enolate or a similar species, an alcohol (or phenol), an alkoxide, a thiol, a thiolate, a thiocarbonyl derivative, a cyanide, an azide, a phosphine, a phosphite. In each step, a non-nucleophilic base may be added to neutralize acid generated during the reaction, and the reaction is performed in an appropriate solvent. Examples of base include MnCO₃, MnPO₄, NR⁴ ₃, or MH_(n) in which n is or 2 and depends on the oxidation state of the metal, for example Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃, NaH, and CaH₂. For the addition of R¹, an appropriate organic, organometallic or inorganic catalyst may be used.

The substituents for Schemes 1-3 are as follows:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are as defined herein; and M is any metal, in an appropriate stoichiometry as to balance charges.

Examples of substituents in Schemes 1-3 are as follows:

R¹ is NHMe, NHEt NH^(i)Pr, OMe, OEt or O^(i)Pr,

R² is 3,5-dimethylphenyl (mexyl), 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl); and R³ is 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-iodophenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, 4-ethynylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-bromomethylphenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3-iodophenyl, 3-vinylphenyl, 3-ethynylphenyl, 3-carboxyphenyl, or 3-bromomethylphenyl.

Examples of the base in Schemes 1-3 are Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

Examples of solvents include acetone or THF for amine additions, and

-   MeOH, EtOH or ^(i)PrOH for alkoxide additions.

Alternatively, the compounds of Formula I may be synthesized according to Scheme 4 below.

In accordance with Scheme 4, a disubstituted biguanide is condensed with an activated carboxylic acid derivative in an appropriate solvent. A coupling reagent may be used with R⁷═OH. Examples of coupling reagents include ClCO₂R⁴, ClSO₂R⁴, R⁴N═C═NR⁴, R⁸C(NR⁴ ₂)X², R⁸P(NR⁴)₃X², X³R⁹, where X² is BF₄, PF₆, or SbF₆; X³ is F, C₁ or CF₃SO₃ and R⁹ is an aromatic ring system or heteroatom-containing aromatic ring system with electron-withdrawing substituents.

The substituents for Scheme 4 are as follows:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are as defined herein; and M is any metal, in an appropriate stoichiometry as to balance charges.

R⁷ substituent examples include F, Cl, Br, OR⁴, SR⁴, OCOR⁴, OCO₂R⁴, OCONR⁴ ₂, SCOR⁴, SCO₂R⁴, SCONR⁴ ₂, OSO₂R⁴, OSO₃R⁴, OPO(OR⁴)₂, 1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl (OBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazolyl (OAt), 1-hydroxy-6-chlorobenzotriazolyl (OCt), ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate, hydroxysuccinimidyl (OSu), hydroxyphthalimidyl (OPhth) R⁸ substituent examples include F, Cl, an hydroxytriazole derivative, a 2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate derivative, a N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxyphthalimide derivative.

II. Synthesis of Precursor

A 2,4-diamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine precursor compound of Formula 2, or a salt thereof, may be prepared to provide access to compounds of Formula I in one step:

wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.

A method to prepare the precursor of Formula 2 is provided in Schemes 5 and 6 below:

In accordance with Schemes 5-6, a 2-alkylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine is reacted with 3,5-dimethylaniline, or 2-mexylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine is reacted with an alkylamine at ambient temperature in the presence of a suitable base in a suitable solvent.

The substituents for Schemes 5-6 are as follows: R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.

Examples of the base used in Schemes 5-6 are is Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, or the alkylamine with an R¹⁰ group, and the solvent is acetone or THF.

Compounds of Formula I where R¹ is NHR¹⁰ and R² is mexyl may be prepared according to Scheme 7:

In accordance with Scheme 7, a 2-chloro-4-alkylamino-6-mexylamino-1,3,5-triazine is heated above 60° C. with a primary amine bearing a R³ substituent in acetone or THF.

The substituents for Scheme 7 are as follows:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ as defined herein; and R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.

Compounds of Formula I where R³ is 3- or 4-hydroxyphenyl, mercaptophenyl or aminophenyl may be transformed according to the methods shown in Schemes 8 and 9:

In accordance with Scheme 8, a compound having Formula I and containing a hydroxyl, amino or mercapto group on R³ is reacted with an electrophile in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base in an appropriate solvent. Examples of base include MnCO₃, MnPO₄, NR⁴³, or MH_(n). Alternatively, according to Scheme 9, a compound having Formula I and containing an amino group on R³ is converted to the corresponding diazonium salt by treating with a suitable nitrosating agent at 0-5° C. in a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents, followed by reaction with a suitable nucleophile.

The substituents for Schemes 8-9 are as follows:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are as defined herein; and M is any metal, in an appropriate stoichiometry as to balance charges; R¹³ is an alkyl or acyl group containing one or several alkene, alkyne, halogen, sulfonate, alcohol, thiol, amine, azide, epoxy, carbonyl, or carboxyl groups; R¹¹ is a C₁-C₆ alkyl group; and R¹² is an aromatic group (aryl or heteroaryl) with one or more substituents selected from: amino (NH₂) or hydroxy (OH) substituents, azide (N₃), cyanide (CN), formaldoxime (CH₂NOH), a thiocarboxylate (R³C(O)S), thiolate (R³S), dithiocarbamate (R³NC(S)S) or xanthate (R³OC(S)S salt, in which R³ is as defined herein.

III. Use of Compounds of Formula I

Compounds having Formula I are reacted with a compound of interest prone to crystallization and bearing a functional group hereafter defined as R^(C) that can participate in a covalent bond-forming reaction involving the R^(A) substituent on the R³ group. This reaction bonds the compound having Formula I to the compound of interest in a covalent fashion, and the resulting compound can form glassy phases upon slow cooling and does not recrystallize when heated at rates above 10° C./min. Thus, the following compounds are readily accessible using the compounds of Formula I and reactive R^(A) substituents located on the R³ group.

In essence, R^(C) is the same as R^(A), only on a different molecule. R^(A) and R^(C) must react together.

The R^(C) functional groups are illustrated below:

1) halogen,

2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴ 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH,

25)

in which the R⁴ is as defined herein,

26) NCO, and 27) NCS.

Specific examples of R^(C) functional groups are selected from the group consisting of: NH₂, OH, Br, CHO, CH₂Cl, CH₂Br, Si(CH₃)₂CH₂Cl, CCH, and B(OH)₂.

Compounds of Interest:

Examples of compounds of interest bearing an R^(C) functional group are selected from the group consisting of:

Specific examples of R^(C) functional groups are selected from the group consisting of:

In the examples shown below, the term “Glass” is intended to mean a compound of Formula I that is covalently bonded through a reactive group on the R³ substituent or the R^(C) functional group on the compounds of interest. In the compounds below, the R³ substituent (including the R^(A) substituent) is shown and is not part of the “Glass” substituent.

EXAMPLES 1. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (Method A)

2-Methylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (18.9 g, 105 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (150 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed in an ice bath to keep temperature inside the flask under 5° C., then a solution of 3,5-dimethylaniline (13.2 mL, 12.8 g, 105 mmol) in acetone (50 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture. The ice bath was removed once the addition was complete, then the mixture was stirred at r.t. for an additional 30 min, at which point the mixture was poured in H₂O (500 mL), and stirring was continued for 20 min until precipitation was completed. The precipitate was collected by filtration, then the crude product was triturated in hot toluene, filtered and allowed to dry completely to afford 19.2 g pure title compound (72.8 mmol, 69%); T_(m) 231° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3264, 3196, 3123, 3007, 2914, 2848, 1634, 1615, 1587, 1542, 1453, 1391, 1373, 1276, 1239, 1157, 1125, 1059, 986, 880, 836, 800, 723, 682, 634 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K) δ 9.92, 9.75 (s, s, 1H), 8.02, 7.92 (s, s, 1H), 7.40, 7.34 (s, s, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 2.85, 2.80 (s, d, ³J=4.6 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 363K) δ 9.44 (br s, 1H), 7.57 (br s, 1H), 7.35 (s, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 168.3, 167.6, 165.9, 165.8, 163.6, 163.1, 138.8, 138.7, 137.37, 137.35, 124.4, 124.3, 117.9, 117.8, 27.3, 27.2, 21.11, 21.08; HRMS (ESI) calcd. for C₁₂H₁₅N₅Cl m/e: 264.1015, found: 264.1029.

2. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (Method B)

2-Mexylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (24.3 g, 90.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (150 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed in an ice bath to keep temperature inside the flask under 5° C., then a solution of methylamine (x mL, 40 wt % aq.) in acetone (50 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture. The ice bath was removed once the addition was complete, then the mixture was stirred at r.t. for an additional 30 min, at which point the mixture was poured in H₂O (500 mL), and stirring was continued for 20 min until precipitation was completed. The precipitate was collected by filtration, then the crude product was triturated in hot toluene, filtered and allowed to dry completely to afford 15.9 g pure title compound (60.2 mmol, 67%) with spectroscopic properties in accordance with the product obtained by Method A.

3. Synthesis of 2-(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-methylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 3,5-dichloroaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 2, except with a longer reaction time (18 h instead of 2 h). Yield: 10%; T_(m) 242° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3275, 3184, 3126, 3081, 2960, 2920, 2849, 1641, 1606, 1573, 1546, 1534, 1507, 1448, 1425, 1388, 1306, 1279, 1253, 1237, 1229, 1205, 1165, 1126, 1115, 1107, 1092, 1035, 984, 954, 937, 869, 854, 837, 809, 793, 753, 725 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K) δ 10.39, 10.23 (s, s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.86, 7.83 (d, d, ³J=1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.23, 7.20 (t, t, ³J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 2.86, 2.82 (s, d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 167.7, 165.7, 165.5, 163.6, 162.9, 141.5, 133.83, 133.77, 121.5, 117.8, 117.6, 27.29, 27.23 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₀H₈Cl₃N₅(m/e): 302.9845, found: 302.9839.

4. Synthesis of 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-methylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 3,5-dimethoxyaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 2. Yield: 73%; T_(m) 240° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3338, 3254, 3136, 3118, 3001, 2955, 2939, 2907, 2838, 1638, 1614, 1583, 1560, 1536, 1484, 1468, 1455, 1431, 1422, 1397, 1384, 1273, 1251, 1228, 1206, 1191, 1176, 1151, 1127, 1072, 1064, 986, 923, 874, 846, 836, 805, 795, 739, 717, 683 cm¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K) δ 10.02, 9.84 (s, s, 1H), 8.12, 8.00 (s, s, 1H), 7.08, 7.00 (s, s, 2H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 6H), 2.85, 2.80 (s, d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 168.3, 167.5, 165.8, 165.7, 163.6, 163.0, 160.2, 140.6, 140.5, 98.5, 98.1, 94.9, 94.5, 54.9, 27.4, 27.2 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₂H₁₄ClN₅O₂(m/e): 295.0836, found: 295.0843.

5. Synthesis of 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-methylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 3,4,5-trimethoxyaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 2. Yield: 65%; T_(m) 237° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3270, 3134, 3051, 2964, 2940, 2842, 2831, 1658, 1631, 1612, 1588, 1567, 1535, 1502, 1453, 1422, 1390, 1351, 1297, 1264, 1230, 1201, 1189, 1172, 1128, 1082, 1057, 1034, 997, 978, 924, 882, 830, 809, 735, 704, 679 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K) δ 9.97, 9.77 (s, s, 1H), 8.09, 7.91 (s, s, 1H), 7.21, 7.09 (s, s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 6H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.86, 2.80 (d, d, ³J=4.6 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 167.4, 165.8, 165.6, 163.3, 162.9, 152.5, 135.0, 134.8, 133.2, 133.0, 98.2, 97.6, 60.0, 55.8, 55.5, 27.4, 27.2 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₃H₁₆ClN₅O₃(m/e): 325.0942, found: 325.0934.

6. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (2.00 g, 7.58 mmol) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (0.984 g, 9.10 mmol) were dissolved in THF (25 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser. Sodium carbonate (0.803 g, 7.58 mmol) was added, then the mixture was refluxed for 16 h. After allowing the mixture to cool down to room temperature, CH₂Cl₂ and 1M aqueous HCl were added, and a precipitate formed after vigorously stirring the mixture. The precipitate was collected by filtration, then resuspended in CH₂Cl₂ and extracted with 1M aqueous NaOH. The layers were separated, then the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic extracts were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 2.10 g of the title compound in acceptable purity (6.26 mmol, 83%): T_(g) 102° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3402, 3279, 3200, 3024, 2945, 2914, 1572, 1505, 1430, 1399, 1362, 1300, 1264, 1236, 1185, 1037, 838, 809, 777, 689 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 8.82 (br s, 0.5H), 8.66 (br s, 1H), 8.46 (br s, 0.5H), 7.33 (br m, 4H), 6.67 (br s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 2.80 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.6, 164.6, 144.3, 140.8, 137.5, 129.7, 123.3, 123.0, 117.9, 114.3, 27.7, 21.7 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₁N₇ (m/e): 335.1858, found: 335.1847.

7. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (10.3 g, 39.0 mmol) and 4-aminophenol (5.11 g, 46.8 mmol) were dissolved in THF (150 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser, then the mixture was refluxed for 16 h. After allowing the reaction mixture to cool down to ambient temperature, CH₂Cl₂ and H₂O were added, and both layers were separated. The organic layer was successively extracted with 1M aqueous HCl and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, then recovered, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent was thoroughly evaporated in vacuo to yield 12.7 g of the title compound in acceptable purity as a slightly pink-white foam (37.8 mmol, 96%): T, 95° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3446, 3418, 3055, 2987, 1575, 1559, 1510, 1423, 1353, 1266, 1182, 1170, 1093, 1037, 984, 896, 839, 810 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.87 (br s, 0.5H), 8.80 (br s, 0.5H), 8.71 (br s, 0.5H), 8.62 (br s, 0.5H), 7.45 (br s, 2H), 7.35 (br d, ³J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (br s, 1H), 6.65 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 2.79 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.19 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.5, 164.4, 152.9, 140.7, 137.5, 132.1, 123.4, 122.6, 118.0, 115.2, 27.7, 21.7 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₀N60 (m/e): 336.1699, found: 336.1689.

8. Synthesis of 2-(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-aminophenol using a similar procedure to the one used in 8. Yield: 74%; Tg 83° C., T_(c) 155° C., T_(m) 187° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3401, 3282, 3180, 3112, 2952, 2918, 2850, 1572, 1514, 1503, 1421, 1400, 1366, 1258, 1227, 1168, 1114, 1080, 1011, 993, 937, 833, 807, 737, 703, 668, 632 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.43 (br s, 0.5H), 9.29 (br s, 0.5H), 9.00 (br s, 0.5H), 8.83 (br s, 0.5H), 7.90 (br d, 2H), 7.43 (br s, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 6.70 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 165.9, 164.0, 163.6, 152.7, 143.0, 133.6, 131.1, 122.6, 120.0, 117.1, 114.9, 27.2 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₆H₁₄Cl₂N60 (m/e): 376.0606, found: 376.0601.

9. Synthesis of 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-aminophenol using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 80%; T_(g) 81° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3401, 3288, 3133, 3003, 2958, 2915, 2840, 1587, 1507, 1481, 1450, 1427, 1400, 1360, 1294, 1264, 1234, 1205, 1177, 1153, 1106, 1082, 1065, 1014, 980, 927, 834, 808, 737, 703, 682, 661 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.02 (s, 1H), 8.95 (br s, 0.5H), 8.82 (br s, 1H), 8.64 (br s, 0.5H), 7.49 (br s, 2H), 7.09 (br d, 2H), 6.86 (br s, 1H), 6.66 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 3.69 (s, 6H), 2.81 (br s, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.1, 163.8, 160.2, 152.4, 142.1, 131.6, 122.3, 114.7, 98.0, 93.7, 54.9, 27.3 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₀N₆O₃ (m/e): 368.1597, found: 368.1609.

10. Synthesis of 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 4-aminophenol using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 79%; T_(g) 90° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3388, 3280, 3121, 2999, 2939, 2917, 2841, 2830, 1653, 1584, 1561, 1501, 1461, 1446, 1420, 1399, 1353, 1301, 1258, 1230, 1202, 1126, 1081, 1041, 996, 870, 830, 807, 786, 734 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.89 (br s, 0.5H), 8.78 (br s, 0.5H), 8.75 (br s, 0.5H), 8.61 (br s, 0.5H), 7.48 (br s, 2H), 7.18 (br d, 2H), 6.83 (br s, 1H), 6.66 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 6H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.82 (br s, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.9, 152.51, 152.46, 136.5, 132.2, 131.7, 122.3, 114.8, 97.7, 60.1, 55.6, 27.3 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₉H₂₂N₆O₄ (m/e): 398.1703, found: 398.1694.

11. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-aminothiophenol using a similar procedure to the one used in 4. Yield: 95%; T_(g) 84° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3448, 3416, 3283, 3054, 2987, 1575, 1556, 1496, 1423, 1400, 1355, 1323, 1266, 1183, 896, 841, 810, 705 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.09 (br s, 0.5H), 8.96 (br s, 1H), 8.81 (br s, 0.5H), 7.66 (br s, 2H), 7.35 (br d, ³J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 5.15 (br s, 1H), 2.81 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.6, 164.7, 140.6, 138.7, 137.7, 129.9, 123.8, 123.3, 121.3, 118.4, 27.9, 21.7 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₀N6S (m/e): 352.1470, found: 352.1477.

12. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-bromophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-bromoaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 93%; T_(g) 69° C.; FTIR(CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3406, 3274, 3180, 3108, 3020, 2920, 2852, 1599, 1572, 1507, 1489, 1417, 1398, 1360, 1321, 1301, 1285, 1237, 1179, 1073, 1008, 841, 824, 809, 690 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.28 (br s, 0.5H), 9.14 (br s, 0.5H), 9.04 (br s, 0.5H), 8.88 (br s, 0.5H), 7.78 (br s, 2H), 7.41 (s, 2H), 7.38 (br s, 2H), 6.96 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 2.84 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.5, 164.6, 164.3, 140.4, 140.3, 137.6, 131.4, 123.8, 122.1, 118.3, 113.3, 27.7, 21.6 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₀BrN₆ (m/e): 396.0855, found: 396.0846.

13. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-chlorophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-chloroaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 66%; T_(g) 68° C.; FTIR(CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3409, 3281, 3198, 3032, 2952, 2918, 2860, 1607, 1573, 1556, 1513, 1502, 1490, 1415, 1401, 1360, 1321, 1300, 1285, 1238, 1184, 1090, 1035, 1012, 976, 958, 940, 887, 827, 810, 738, 692 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.27 (br s, 0.5H), 9.12 (br s, 0.5H), 9.02 (br s, 0.5H), 8.87 (br s, 0.5H), 7.83 (br s, 2H), 7.38 (br d, 2H), 7.27 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 2.84 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.1, 163.8, 139.9, 139.4, 137.1, 128.0, 124.9, 123.3, 121.2, 117.7, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (ESI, MH⁺) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₁ClN₆ (m/e): 355.1438, found: 355.1436.

14. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-iodophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-iodoaniline using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 51%; T, 72° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3406, 3276, 3178, 3102, 3024, 2951, 2918, 2863, 1597, 1568, 1511, 1501, 1485, 1456, 1425, 1415, 1396, 1360, 1321, 1302, 1283, 1236, 1181, 1168, 1116, 1086, 1062, 1036, 1004, 976, 957, 939, 888, 841, 821, 809, 737, 703, 688 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.25 (br s, 0.5H), 9.10 (br s, 0.5H), 9.02 (br s, 0.5H), 8.87 (br s, 0.5H), 7.64 (br s, 2H), 7.55 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (br d, 2H), 6.95 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 2.84 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.7, 140.3, 139.9, 137.1, 136.7, 123.3, 122.1, 117.7, 84.3, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (ESI, MH⁺) calcd. for C₁₈H₂₁1N₆ (m/e): 447.0794, found: 447.0782.

15. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-allyloxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.336 g, 1.00 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.276 g, 2.00 mmol), and allyl bromide (0.170 mL, 0.242 g, 2.00 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer were stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was then poured into H₂O, ether was added, and both layers were separated. The organic layer was extracted with H₂O, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure (at no higher than 60° C.) to yield 0.325 g of the title compound (0.863 mmol, 86%): T_(g) 50° C., T_(dec) 142° C. (Claisen rearrangement); FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3450, 3419, 3280, 3054, 2987, 2922, 2862, 1572, 1559, 1508, 1424, 1399, 1354, 1322, 1300, 1264, 1241, 1224, 1176, 1024, 997, 929, 896, 831, 810, 705 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 8.95 (br s, 1H), 8.80 (br s, 1H), 7.64 (br s, 2H), 7.39 (br d, 2H), 6.86 (d, ³J=9.4 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.04 (ddt, ³J_(CH2)=5.3 Hz, ³J_(cis)=10.5 Hz, ³J_(trans)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (dd, ²J=1.8 Hz, ³J_(trans)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (dd, ²J=1.8 Hz, ³J_(cis)=10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (d, 3J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (d, 3J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 153.1, 140.1, 137.0, 133.9, 133.4, 123.0, 121.5, 117.5, 117.1, 114.3, 68.3, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₁H₂₄N₆O (m/e): 376.2012, found: 376.2023.

16. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-propargyloxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and propargyl bromide (80 wt % in toluene) using a procedure similar to the one used in 7, though under nitrogen atmosphere and in the absence of light. Yield: 79%; T_(g) 44° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3446, 3417, 3302, 3055, 2986, 2126, 1675, 1577, 1557, 1508, 1423, 1265, 1213, 1177, 1031, 896, 833, 810, 704 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 8.99 (br s, 0.5H), 8.93 (br s, 0.5H), 8.82 (br s, 0.5H), 8.78 (br s, 0.5H), 7.66 (br s, 2H), 7.39 (br d, 2H), 6.90 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.73 (d, ⁴J=2.3 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (t, 4J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 152.1, 140.1, 137.0, 134.1, 123.0, 121.4, 117.5, 114.6, 79.5, 77.9, 55.6, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O (m/e): 374.1855, found: 374.1867.

17. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenylamino]-1,3,5-triazine

To a stirred solution of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-allyloxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.376 g, 1.00 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was slowly added a solution of potassium permanganate (0.166 g, 1.05 mmol) in water (20 mL) while maintaining the temperature below 5° C. The mixture was then stirred 1 h at ambient temperature, then AcOEt was added, and the precipitated MnO₂ was removed by filtration and washed with AcOEt. The two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt, and the combined organic extracts were extracted with aqueous 1M HCl, aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, then the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to give 0.254 g of the title compound (0.619 mmol, 62%): T_(g) 70° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3407, 3294, 3121, 3053, 2986, 2941, 2870, 1573, 1507, 1423, 1399, 1265, 1231, 1175, 1114, 1042, 895, 831, 809, 704 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 8.94 (br s, 1H), 8.78 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (br s, 2H), 7.38 (br d, 2H), 6.83 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (t, ³J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 2.82 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.1, 163.9, 153.8, 140.1, 137.0, 133.2, 123.0, 121.7, 117.5, 114.1, 69.9, 69.7, 62.7, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₁H₂₆N₆O₃ (m/e): 410.2066, found: 410.2078.

18. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-glycidyloxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (1.00 g, 2.97 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.64 g, 11.9 mmol), and epichlorohydrin (0.930 mL, 1.10 g, 11.9 mmol) were added in acetone (5 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was equipped with a water-jacketed condenser and the mixture was refluxed for 18 h. The mixture was then poured into H₂O, then the gummy precipitate was filtered and washed with H₂O, then redissolved in CH₂Cl₂. The solution was extracted twice with aqueous 1M NaOH and H₂O, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1.00 g of the title compound (2.55 mmol, 86%): T_(g) 74° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3446, 3418, 3285, 3055, 2987, 2925, 2854, 1575, 1557, 1509, 1424, 1399, 1266, 1177, 1039, 896, 841, 810, 704 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 8.98 (br s, 0.5H), 8.93 (br s, 0.5H), 8.82 (br s, 0.5H), 8.79 (br s, 0.5H), 7.66 (br s, 2H), 7.39 (br d, 2H), 6.87 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J₁=2.5 Hz, J₂=11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J₁=6.3 Hz, J₂=11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.84 (d, ³J=4.5 Hz, 3H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 153.2, 140.1, 137.0, 133.7, 123.0, 121.6, 117.5, 114.2, 69.1, 49.7, 43.7, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₁H₂₄N₆O₂ (m/e): 392.1961, found: 392.1977.

19. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-azidophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.335 g, 1.00 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. 10% aq. HCl (5 mL) was added, then the flask was placed in an ice bath, and a solution of sodium nitrite (0.0690 g, 1.00 mmol) in H₂O (1 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 0-5° C. for 30 min. A solution of sodium azide (0.0980 g, 1.50 mmol) in H₂O (1 mL) was then added dropwise, then the mixture was stirred for 1 h while allowing to warm up to ambient temperature. AcOEt and H₂O were added, both layers were shaken vigorously, then the remaining precipitate was removed by filtration and washed with AcOEt, and both layers were separated. The organic layer was extracted with aqueous NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure (at no higher than 60° C.) to yield 0.224 g of the title compound (0.620 mmol, 62%): T_(g) 52° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3450, 3418, 3055, 2987, 2121, 1575, 1556, 1504, 1422, 1355, 1265, 1182, 988, 896, 835, 810, 706 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.22 (br s, 0.5H), 9.08 (br s, 0.5H), 9.00 (br s, 0.5H), 8.84 (br s, 0.5H), 7.83 (br s, 2H), 7.38 (br d, 2H), 6.99 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 2.83 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 139.4, 137.7, 137.0, 131.9, 123.1, 121.2, 118.9, 117.7, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₈H₁₉N9(m/e): 361.1763, found: 361.1776.

20. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-carboxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (1.06 g, 3.94 mmol) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (0.811 g, 5.92 mmol) were added in THF (50 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser. The mixture was refluxed for 18 h, then once the mixture had cooled down to room temperature the precipitate was collected by filtration and abundantly washed with THF, water and acetone. The crude product was resuspended in H₂O, NaHCO₃ (1.68 g, 20.0 mmol) was added, then glacial AcOH was added with stirring until the pH of the solution was 4-5. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried overnight in an oven to yield 1.17 g of the title compound (3.21 mmol, 81%): T_(g) 131° C., T_(m) 263° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3356, 3275, 3098, 3011, 2951, 2918, 2850, 1690, 1668, 1614, 1574, 1519, 1428, 1385, 1343, 1299, 1260, 1237, 1166, 1077, 1019, 998, 936, 908, 882, 839, 806, 776, 756, 705, 684 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.31 (br s, 0.5H), 9.16 (br s, 0.5H), 9.01 (br s, 0.5H), 8.83 (br s, 0.5H), 8.30 (m, 1H), 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.53 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 2H), 7.37 (t, ³J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (br s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 2.85 (br s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 167.5, 166.1, 164.2, 164.0, 140.6, 140.0, 137.2, 131.1, 128.5, 124.4, 123.3, 122.4, 121.0, 117.7, 27.3, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀N₆O₂ (m/e): 364.1648, found: 364.1639.

21. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-(2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl)-phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and ethyl 4-aminocinnamate using a similar procedure to the one used in 7. Yield: 97%; T_(g) 70° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3402, 3283, 3188, 3106, 2980, 2948, 2919, 2871, 1701, 1606, 1575, 1504, 1417, 1363, 1325, 1304, 1265, 1237, 1207, 1178, 1037, 982, 883, 835, 809, 739 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.42 (br s, 0.5H), 9.28 (br s, 0.5H), 9.07 (br s, 0.5H), 8.93 (br s, 0.5H), 7.89 (br s, 2H), 7.60 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, ³J_(trans)=15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (br s, 2H), 7.01 (br s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.48 (d, ³J_(trans)=15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, ³J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.25 (t, ³J=7.0 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.5, 166.0, 164.0, 163.7, 144.4, 142.8, 139.9, 137.1, 128.9, 126.9, 123.3, 119.3, 117.8, 115.0, 59.7, 27.3, 21.1, 14.2 ppm; HRMS (ESI, MH) calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇N₆O₂ (m/e): 419.2195, found: 419.2177.

22. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-hydroxymethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (2.59 g, 9.82 mmol) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (1.45 g, 11.8 mmol) were added in THF (50 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser. The mixture was refluxed for 3 h, at which point a precipitate had formed. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with CH₂Cl₂, resuspended in MeOH, then AcOEt and aqueous NaHCO₃ were added and the mixture was shaken in an extraction funnel. Both layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with a second portion of AcOEt, then the combined organic extracts were washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under vacuum to yield 2.60 g of the title compound (7.42 mmol, 76%): T, 69° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3401, 3376, 3286, 3021, 2943, 2921, 2869, 1611, 1583, 1565, 1553, 1527, 1514, 1487, 1461, 1434, 1400, 1362, 1321, 1301, 1262, 1245, 1188, 1177, 1166, 1083, 1037, 1012, 998, 973, 956, 890, 842, 808, 784, 736, 693, 650 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.01 (br s, 0.5H), 8.97 (br s, 1H), 8.80 (br s, 0.5H), 7.77 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (br s, 1H), 7.40 (br d, 2H), 7.20 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (br s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 5.13 (t, ³J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (d, ³J=5.9 Hz, 2.85 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.1, 164.1, 163.9, 142.6, 140.1, 137.1, 127.9, 123.1, 119.7, 118.3, 118.1, 117.6, 63.1, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₉H₂₂N₆O (m/e): 350.1855, found: 350.1848.

23. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-formylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-hydroxymethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.350 g, 1.00 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) in a dry round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. PCC (0.647 g, 3.00 mmol) was added, then the mixture was stirred 3 h at ambient temperature under inert atmosphere. Anhydrous EtOH (1 mL) was then added and the mixture was stirred 15 min to destroy remaining PCC, then the mixture was diluted with aqueous 1M NaOH and CH₂Cl₂. The mixture was thoroughly shaken, then both layers were separated. The organic layer was further extracted with aqueous 1M NaOH, H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, then the solvent was thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.296 g of the title compound (0.850 mmol, 85%): T_(g) 59° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3405, 3281, 3201, 3124, 3050, 3022, 2960, 2921, 2857, 2730, 1697, 1613, 1580, 1566, 1556, 1526, 1507, 1483, 1429, 1396, 1360, 1320, 1301, 1263, 1244, 1187, 1176, 1157, 1088, 1036, 998, 975, 958, 886, 843, 809, 792, 737, 702, 684 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.93 (s, 1H), 9.43 (br s, 0.5H), 9.28 (br s, 0.5H), 9.05 (br s, 0.5H), 8.87 (br s, 0.5H), 8.42 (br s, 0.5H), 8.26 (br s, 0.5H), 8.13 (br d, 1H), 7.49 (br s, 2H), 7.39 (br d, 2H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 2.85 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 193.1, 166.0, 164.1, 163.8, 141.2, 139.9, 137.0, 136.5, 129.0, 125.4, 123.2, 122.4, 120.8, 117.8, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₉H₂₀N60 (m/e): 348.1699, found: 348.1693.

24. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-bromomethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-hydroxymethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.350 g, 1.00 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) in a dry round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The solution was cooled down to 0° C., and PBr₃ (0.282 mL, 0.81 g, 3.00 mmol) was added dropwise under inert atmosphere. Once the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred under inert atmosphere at ambient temperature for 18 h. A precipitate started forming after 2-3 h. The mixture was poured into aqueous NaHCO₃, THF and CH₂Cl₂ were added, then after stirring for 20 min to ensure that the mixture was completely neutralized, the remaining precipitate was removed by filtration and both layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, then the combined organic extracts were extracted with aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.348 g of the title compound (0.840 mmol, 84%): T_(g) 62° C., T_(dec) 131° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3399, 3275, 3171, 3137, 3023, 2955, 2921, 2866, 1611, 1583, 1564, 1554, 1515, 1488, 1463, 1432, 1398, 1361, 1320, 1301, 1262, 1245, 1214, 1188, 1168, 1145, 1125, 1084, 1037, 998, 971, 933, 886, 842, 810, 786, 766, 738, 693 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.23 (br s, 0.5H), 9.09 (br s, 0.5H), 9.02 (br s, 0.5H), 8.85 (br s, 0.5H), 7.95 (br s, 1H), 7.82 (br m, 1H), 7.41 (br d, 2H), 7.24 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 2.87 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 165.9, 164.0, 163.7, 140.6, 139.9, 137.9, 137.1, 128.5, 123.2, 122.2, 120.4, 119.7, 117.7, 34.9, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₉H₂₁BrN₆ (m/e): 412.1011, found: 412.1003.

25. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (5.00 g, 19.0 mmol), and ethanolamine (5.70 mL, 5.79 g, 94.8 mmol) were added in THF (100 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser, then the mixture was refluxed for 18 h. After the mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature, 1M aqueous HCl was added, and both layers were separated. The organic layer was successively extracted with aq. NaHCO₃, H₂O and brine, then the organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent was thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 4.63 g of the title compound (16.1 mmol, 85%): T_(g) 53° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3401, 3282, 3204, 3134, 3014, 2945, 2921, 2873, 1605, 1586, 1568, 1558, 1539, 1526, 1518, 1509, 1472, 1462, 1443, 1421, 1398, 1358, 1322, 1301, 1275, 1263, 1190, 1177, 1141, 1060, 997, 956, 938, 883, 869, 841, 810, 764, 750, 701, 688 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃, 298K): δ 7.52 (br s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 2H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.43 (br s, 1H), 5.56 (br s, 2H), 3.72 (t, ³J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (br s, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 166.3, 166.3, 164.0, 138.8, 138.2, 124.6, 118.2, 62.8, 43.6, 27.5, 21.3 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₄H₂₀N₆O (m/e): 288.1699, found: 288.1692.

26. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine and 3-amino-1-propanol using a similar procedure to the one used in 25. Yield: 90%; T_(g) 53° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3398, 3282, 3018, 2945, 2914, 2876, 1607, 1584, 1568, 1552, 1539, 1528, 1516, 1509, 1457, 1443, 1432, 1396, 1366, 1345, 1322, 1301, 1265, 1253, 1228, 1188, 1174, 1128, 1059, 1036, 995, 956, 923, 882, 840, 811, 737, 701, 689 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃, 298K): δ 7.56 (br s, 1H), 7.17 (s, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 5.84 (br s, 1H), 5.74 (br s, 1H), 5.58 (br s, 1H), 3.54 (t, ³J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (br s, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.62 (br s, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 166.2, 166.2, 163.9, 138.7, 138.2, 124.6, 118.2, 57.9, 36.3, 32.8, 27.4, 21.3 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₅H₂₂N₆O (m/e): 302.1855, found: 302.1849.

27. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(carboxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

A solution of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (1.00 g, 3.79 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added to a solution of glycine (1.42 g, 18.9 mmol) and NEt₃ (2.64 mL, 1.92 g, 18.9 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was fitted with a water-jacketed condenser, then the mixture was refluxed for 18 h. The solvent was concentrated under vacuum to remove most MeOH, then AcOH (5 mL) was added. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with aqueous AcOH, water and acetone, and dried overnight in an oven to yield 1.01 g of the title compound (3.32 mmol, 88%): T_(m) 264° C. (dec.); FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3363, 3293, 3219, 3097, 2968, 2923, 2864, 1695, 1674, 1623, 1583, 1559, 1521, 1491, 1458, 1435, 1378, 1316, 1293, 1276, 1263, 1246, 1197, 1170, 1153, 1140, 1121, 1103, 1071, 1024, 994, 966, 920, 886, 838, 809, 783, 765, 743, 709, 684 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 12.39 (br s, 1H), 8.85 (br d, 0.5H), 8.69 (br d, 0.5H), 7.40 (br m, 2H), 7.15-6.61 (br m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 3.91 (d, ³J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (br s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 172.3, 166.0, 165.6, 164.1, 140.4, 137.0, 122.8, 117.2, 42.1, 27.2, 21.2 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₄H₁₈N₆O₂ (m/e): 302.1491, found: 302.1483.

28. Synthesis of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(2-aminoethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine (1.00 g, 3.79 mmol), and ethylenediamine (1.27 mL, 1.14 g, 18.9 mmol) were added in THF (20 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser, then the mixture was refluxed for 18 h. After the mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature, the volatiles were evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 1M aqueous HCl, and the precipitate was removed by filtration and washed with H₂O, NaOH pellets were added to the filtrate until the pH became basic (>12), then the mixture was stirred for 30 min, at which time the solvent was decanted. The precipitated product was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent was thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.768 g of the title compound (2.67 mmol, 71%): T_(g) 58° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3402, 3275, 3195, 3134, 3013, 2945, 2920, 2866, 1587, 1566, 1549, 1520, 1440, 1396, 1358, 1323, 1300, 1266, 1252, 1189, 1159, 1113, 1065, 1037, 996, 972, 952, 934, 882, 842, 810, 735, 689 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃, 298K): δ 7.22 (s, 2H), 6.84 (br s, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.55 (br s, 1H), 5.02 (br s, 1H), 3.47 (br s, 2H), 2.95 (d, ³J=5.3 Hz, 3H), 2.90 (t, ³J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.52 (br s, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 166.6, 166.3, 164.3, 139.2, 138.1, 124.2, 117.9, 43.4, 41.5, 27.4, 21.4 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₇ (m/e): 287.1858, found: 287.1851.

29. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-phenylazosalicylaldehyde

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.740 g, 2.21 mmol) and 4 phenylazosalicylaldehyde (0.500 g, 2.21 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (20 mL). The solution was sparged with N2 for 10 min, then a water-jacketed condenser was fitted on the flask and the mixture was refluxed for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure, then the residue was redissolved in toluene and dried under vacuum. This process was repeated three times, after which the product was thoroughly dried to afford 1.16 g of the title compound (2.14 mmol, 97%): T_(g) 97° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3407, 3275, 3187, 3041, 2922, 2853, 1616, 1601, 1573, 1504, 1420, 1356, 1287, 1238, 1185, 1108, 833, 808, 689 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 14.27 (br s, 1H), 9.38 (br s, 0.5H), 9.24 (br s, 0.5H), 9.16 (s, 1H), 9.07 (br s, 0.5H), 8.92 (br s, 0.5H), 8.26 (d, ⁴J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (dd, ³J=8.8 Hz, ⁴J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (br s, 2H), 7.86 (d, ³J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (t, ³J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (br m, 4H), 7.13 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 2.89 (d, ³J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.26 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 160.1, 151.9, 144.6, 140.1, 139.9, 137.0, 130.7, 129.2, 128.8, 128.0, 127.6, 126.6, 123.2, 122.1, 121.5, 120.2, 119.2, 117.8, 117.8, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₃₁H₂₉N90 (m/e): 543.2495, found: 543.2511.

30. Condensation of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 4-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde using a similar procedure to the one used in 29. Yield: 91%; T_(g) 93° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3408, 3279, 3187, 3087, 3062, 3033, 2946, 2916, 2864, 1621, 1606, 1588, 1558, 1505, 1492, 1419, 1400, 1360, 1330, 1317, 1296, 1283, 1235, 1197, 1187, 1171, 1113, 1075, 1029, 1012, 1000, 975, 941, 921, 887, 840, 808, 756, 736, 696 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, C₆D₆, 298K): δ 9.23 (br s, 0.5H), 9.09 (br s, 0.5H), 9.02 (br s, 0.5H), 8.88 (br s, 0.5H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.85 (br s, 2H), 7.78 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (br d, 2H), 7.35 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 7.20 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (m, 6H), 6.97 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (br s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 2.86 (d, ³J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 157.2, 149.7, 146.3, 145.2, 140.0, 138.4, 137.0, 129.6, 126.3, 125.1, 124.1, 123.1, 121.0, 120.8, 120.3, 117.7, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₃₇H₃₄N₈ (m/e): 590.2906, found: 590.2931.

31. Condensation of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-formylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-meso-porphyrin

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-formylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-meso-porphyrin using a similar procedure to the one used in 29. Yield: 97%; T_(g) 100° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3409, 3317, 3101, 3054, 3024, 2952, 2929, 2907, 2864, 1619, 1596, 1575, 1556, 1514, 1474, 1430, 1400, 1350, 1322, 1299, 1264, 1244, 1221, 1215, 1185, 1177, 1155, 1072, 1032, 1001, 980, 966, 845, 801, 734, 701 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.46 (br s, 0.5H), 9.32 (brs, 0.5H), 9.08 (brs, 0.5H), 8.91 (br s, 0.5H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.80 (m, 8H), 8.46 (br d, 0.5H), 8.30 (br d, 0.5H), 8.15 (d, ³J=5.9 Hz, 6H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 8.09 (d, ³J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (m, 9H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.03 (br s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 2.88 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.20 (s, 6H), −2.85 (s, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.1, 163.8, 161.6, 151.0, 141.1, 139.9, 138.6, 137.0, 136.2, 135.0, 134.1, 131.1, 128.7, 127.9, 126.8, 125.4, 123.2, 122.4, 121.7, 120.6, 119.9, 119.4, 117.8, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₆₃H₄₉N₁₁ (m/e): 960.4251, found: 960.4238.

32. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-(triphenylsilyl)benzyl bromide

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.0820 g, 0.233 mmol) and 4-(triphenylsilyl)benzyl bromide (0.100 g, 0.233 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2 mL). K₂CO₃ (0.0320 g, 0.233 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, at which point the reaction mixture was poured in water. The precipitate was collected by filtration, abundantly washed with water. The crude product was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, extracted with 1M aq. NaOH, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure, giving 0.147 g pure title compound (0.210 mmol, 90%): T_(g) 88° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3450, 3417, 3055, 2987, 2927, 2855, 1573, 1554, 1497, 1422, 1399, 1352, 1266, 1181, 1158, 1109, 1029, 1021, 997, 984, 896, 810 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.18 (br s, 0.5H), 9.04 (br s, 0.5H), 9.01 (br s, 0.5H), 8.84 (br s, 0.5H), 7.74 (br s, 2H), 7.44 (m, 15H), 7.37 (m, 6H), 7.22 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 2.82 (br s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 165.9, 164.1, 163.7, 139.9, 139.8, 139.3, 137.0, 135.7, 135.6, 133.4, 131.8, 130.6, 129.7, 128.5, 128.0, 126.6, 123.1, 120.1, 117.7, 38.4, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₄₃H₄₀N₆SiS (m/e): 700.2804, found: 700.2821.

33. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride (0.253 g, 1.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.366 mL, 0.271 g, 2.10 mmol) were successively dissolved in CHCl₃ (5 mL). The flask was placed in an ice bath, then 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.352 g, 1.00 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. CHCl₃ and 1M aqueous NaOH were added, then both layers were separated. The organic layer was extracted with 5% aqueous acetic acid until the yellow color disappeared, aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, then the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under vacuum to yield 0.423 g title compound (0.830 mmol, 83%): T_(g) 91° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3378, 3284, 3185, 3102, 3046, 3028, 2956, 2919, 2869, 1621, 1606, 1575, 1566, 1556, 1542, 1533, 1525, 1506, 1474, 1443, 1429, 1419, 1401, 1374, 1322, 1302, 1281, 1268, 1231, 1180, 1156, 1111, 1090, 1076, 1037, 1012, 978, 957, 886, 833, 809, 786, 737, 701 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.79 (br s, 1H), 9.26 (br s, 0.5H), 9.12 (br s, 0.5H), 9.06 (br s, 0.5H), 8.91 (br s, 0.5H), 8.85 (d, ⁴J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.89, 7.79 (br d, 2H), 7.58 (dd, ³J=8.2 Hz, ⁴J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (br s, 2H), 7.23 (br d, 2H), 6.98 (br s, 1H), 6.94 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 2.87 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.1, 163.9, 152.8, 147.7, 140.9, 140.0, 139.6, 138.8, 137.1, 133.0, 131.5, 130.3, 128.6, 126.8, 123.3, 121.5, 120.1, 117.8, 110.2, 36.1, 27.3, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₈H₂₇N₇OS (m/e): 509.1998, found: 509.2018.

34. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-chloromethylsalicylaldehyde

The title compound was synthesized from 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine and 4-chloromethylsalicylaldehyde using a similar procedure to the one used in 33. Yield: 88%; T_(g) 84° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3390, 3282, 3190, 3050, 3023, 2949, 2920, 2857, 1657, 1610, 1573, 1555, 1538, 1508, 1492, 1417, 1401, 1362, 1322, 1301, 1284, 1264, 1234, 1210, 1182, 1149, 1089, 1036, 1012, 977, 957, 943, 892, 835, 809, 770, 737, 704, 691, 675 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, C₆D₆, 298K): δ 10.66 (s, 1H), 10.21 (s, 1H), 9.18 (br s, 0.5H), 9.03 (br s, 1H), 8.86 (br s, 0.5H), 7.84, 7.73 (br d, 2H), 7.55 (d, ⁴J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, ³J=8.8 Hz, ⁴J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (br d, 2H), 7.20 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (br s, 1H), 6.91 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 2.83 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.22 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 191.1, 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 159.7, 139.9, 139.4, 137.1, 136.7, 130.8, 130.2, 128.8, 124.8, 123.2, 121.9, 120.1, 117.7, 117.2, 37.6, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₂₆H₂₆N₆O₂S (m/e): 486.1838, found: 486.1847.

35. Reaction of the product of Example 34 with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a water-jacketed condenser, the product of Example 34 (0.852 g, 1.75 mmol) was dissolved in EtOHITHF (1:1, 10 mL). Trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (0.100 g, 0.876 mmol) was added, then the mixture was refluxed 3 h. The solvent was then thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.838 g of the title Salen derivative (0.717 mmol, 91%): T_(g) 141° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3395, 3273, 3175, 3023, 2933, 2858, 1644, 1623, 1570, 1557, 1525, 1512, 1499, 1490, 1414, 1397, 1356, 1322, 1300, 1277, 1228, 1177, 1154, 1116, 1089, 1057, 1030, 1010, 991, 963, 934, 902, 867, 822, 806, 781, 735, 717, 687, 667 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 13.25 (br s, 2H), 9.36 (br s, 1H), 9.20 (br s, 1H), 9.05 (br s, 1H), 8.89 (br s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 2H), 7.85, 7.72 (br d, 4H), 7.39 (br s, 2H), 7.36 (br s, 4H), 7.22 (br s, 2H), 7.17 (br s, 4H), 6.93 (br s, 2H), 6.71 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 4H), 3.37 (br m, 2H), 2.84 (br s, 6H), 2.20 (br s, 12H), 1.74 (br m, 4H), 1.55 (br m, 2H), 1.40 (br m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.6, 164.0, 163.8, 159.3, 139.9, 139.2, 137.0, 132.7, 131.5, 130.6, 130.2, 127.7, 126.8, 123.2, 120.2, 117.7, 116.3, 71.1, 37.8, 32.4, 27.2, 23.6, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (MALDI) calcd. for C₅₈H₆₃N1₄O₂S₂ (m/e): 1051.4689, found: 1051.4694.

36. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 1-(chloromethyldimethylsilyl)pyrene

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.254 g, 0.719 mmol), 1-(chloromethyldimethylsilyl)pyrene (0.222 g, 0.719 mmol) and potassium iodide (0.119 g, 0.719 mmol) were dissolved in acetone (5 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. K₂CO₃ (0.199 g, 1.44 mmol) was added, the mixture was sparged with N₂ for 15 min, then a water-jacketed condenser was fitted on the flask and the mixture was refluxed 18 h under inert atmosphere. After cooling down to ambient temperature, H₂O was added, and the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with H₂O and hot hexanes. The precipitate was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and purified on a short silica plug using CH₂Cl₂ then AcOEt as eluent to yield 0.309 g of the title compound after complete evaporation of the volatiles (0.495 mmol, 69%). T_(g) 83° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3406, 3277, 3177, 3044, 2956, 2861, 1567, 1495, 1415, 1399, 1360, 1323, 1302, 1284, 1262, 1252, 1236, 1216, 1182, 1146, 1130, 1083, 1033, 1012, 974, 892, 848, 838, 809, 737, 717, 705, 647 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.13 (br s, 0.5H), 8.99 (br s, 1H), 8.84 (br s, 0.5H), 8.42-8.05 (m, 9H), 7.73 (br s, 2H), 7.38 (br d, 2H), 7.22 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (br s, 1H, 6.54 (s, 1H), 2.85 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.79 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 0.70 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 130.0, 137.9, 137.0, 135.1, 132.5, 132.2, 131.9, 130.9, 130.6, 130.2, 130.0, 128.0, 127.5, 127.3, 127.0, 126.1, 125.3, 124.1, 123.9, 123.7, 123.1, 120.5, 120.1, 117.6, 27.2, 21.1, 18.5, −1.32 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₃₇H₃₆N6SSi (m/e): 624.2491, found: 624.2482.

37. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenylamino]-1,3,5-triazine with 4-(triphenylsilyl)phenylboronic acid

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenylamino]-1,3,5-triazine (0.0940 g, 0.230 mmol) and 4-(triphenylsilyl)phenylboronic acid (0.0890 g, 0.230 mmol) were dissolved in toluene/THF (1:1, 5 mL). The solution was sparged with N2 for 10 min, then a water-jacketed condenser was fitted on the flask and the mixture was refluxed for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure, then the residue was redissolved in toluene and dried under vacuum. This process was repeated three times, after which the product was thoroughly dried to afford 0.167 g of the title compound (0.221 mmol, 96%): T_(g) 83° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3406, 3280, 3191, 3134, 3068, 3049, 3022, 2958, 2919, 1600, 1573, 1505, 1428, 1400, 1369, 1323, 1302, 1264, 1218, 1187, 1178, 1110, 1101, 1080, 1023, 998, 982, 920, 829, 809, 707, 649 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, C₆D₆, 298K): δ 8.16 (d, 3J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, ³J=6.3 Hz, 6H), 7.41 (br d, 2H), 7.19 (m, 13H), 6.73 (br s, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 5.30 (br s, 0.5H), 5.07 (br s, 0.5H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 3.94 (d, ³J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 2.66 (d, ³J=3.5 Hz, 3H), 2.18 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.00 (br s, 0.5H), 8.95 (br s, 0.5H), 8.84 (br s, 1H), 7.82 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (br s, 2H), 7.55 (d, ³J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, 17H), 6.88 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (br s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.95 (br s, 1H), 4.48 (t, ³J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (t, ³J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 2.84 (d, ³J=2.3 Hz, 3H), 2.20 (s, 6H) ppm (traces of hydrolyzed products are also present in DMSO-d₆); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 167.1, 165.1, 164.9, 155.0, 139.6, 138.9, 138.6, 138.2, 136.9, 136.4, 134.8, 134.5, 133.4, 129.9, 128.3, 124.8, 122.7, 118.8, 115.0, 75.6, 70.0, 68.3, 27.5, 21.5 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₄₅H₄₃BN₆O₃Si (m/e): 754.3259, found: 754.3243.

38. Huisgen cycloaddition of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-azidophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-(triphenylsilyl)phenylacetylene

A solution of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-azidophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.0750 g, 0.208 mmol) and 4-(triphenylsilyl)phenylacetylene (0.0750 g, 0.208 mmol) in THF (5 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was sparged with nitrogen for 15 min. A deoxygenated solution of CuSO₄ pentahydrate (0.005 g, 0.0208 mmol), ascorbic acid (0.007 g, 0.0416 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (0.004 g, 0.0416 mmol) in H₂O (3 mL) was added, and the mixture was vigorously stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. Upon complete consumption of the starting materials (by TLC; 3:1 AcOEt/acetone) H₂O and hexanes were added to the mixture and the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with H₂O and hexanes. The precipitate was redissolved in AcOEt, successively extracted with aq. 1M HCl, aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, then the volatiles were thoroughly removed under vacuum to yield 0.138 g of the title compound (0.191 mmol, 92%): T_(g) 103° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3399, 3283, 3191, 3130, 3068, 3049, 3015, 2949, 2916, 2866, 1605, 1581, 1557, 1518, 1505, 1428, 1359, 1323, 1301, 1234, 1110, 1037, 1019, 992, 836, 809, 700 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.45 (br s, 0.5H) ppm, 9.31 (br s, 0.5H), 9.23 (s, 1H), 9.09 (br s, 0.5H), 8.93 (br s, 0.5H), 8.05 (br s, 2H), 8.00 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (br d, 2H), 7.60 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (m, 15H), 7.39 (br d, 2H), 7.02 (br s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 2.86 (d, ³J=4.1 Hz, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.8, 146.7, 141.0, 139.9, 137.1, 136.4, 135.7, 134.4, 133.3, 131.7, 130.2, 129.8, 128.1, 124.9, 123.3, 120.2, 120.1, 119.7, 117.8, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (ESI) calcd. for C₄₄H₄₀N₉Si (m/e): 722.3163, found: 722.3175.

39. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-carboxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with 4-[bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]aniline (4-amino leuco Malachite Green)

2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-carboxyphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.232 g, 0.637 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.221 mL, 0.164 g, 1.27 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (1 mL) in a dry round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed in an ice bath, then 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.094 g, 0.695 mmol) and HBTU (0.264 g, 0.695 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min, at which point 4-[bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]aniline (0.200 g, 0.579 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h under inert atmosphere. The solution was poured in aqueous Na₂CO₃ and stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min, then the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with aqueous Na₂CO₃ and H₂O. The precipitate was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂ to give a turquoise-blue solution which was discoloured by addition of NaBH₄ (0.01 g) and stirring. H₂O was added, and both layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, then the combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the volatiles were thoroughly evaporated under reduced pressure to give 0.284 g of the title compound (0.410 mmol, 71%): T_(g) 105° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3390, 3292, 3193, 3094, 3028, 2948, 2916, 2882, 2857, 2800, 1659, 1612, 1581, 1554, 1516, 1482, 1428, 1406, 1350, 1322, 1264, 1222, 1202, 1184, 1163, 1132, 1101, 1060, 1039, 1019, 998, 976, 948, 883, 843, 808, 788, 738, 702, 688 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 10.19 (s, 1H), 9.37 (br s, 0.5H), 9.21 (br s, 0.5H), 9.06 (br s, 0.5H), 8.89 (br s, 0.5H), 8.19 (br d, 1H), 8.10 (br m, 1H), 7.69 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (br d, 2H), 7.40 (t, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, ³J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 6.92 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 6.64 (d, ³J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 2.87 (d, ³J=3.5 Hz, 3H), 2.83 (s, 12H), 2.21 (s, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.1, 165.7, 164.2, 163.9, 148.6, 140.53, 140.46, 140.0, 137.1, 137.0, 135.6, 132.3, 129.3, 129.2, 128.8, 128.2, 123.1, 120.5, 120.1, 119.4, 117.6, 112.3, 53.7, 40.2, 27.3, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₄₂H₄₅N₉O (m/e): 691.3747, found: 691.3766.

40. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-bromomethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene

Tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (0.179 g, 0.242 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.066 g, 0.484 mmol) were added in DMF (2 mL) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was gently heated until the calixarene had completely dissolved. 2-Mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(3-bromomethylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.100 g, 0.242 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred 3 d at ambient temperature, then poured in 0.1M aqueous HCl. The precipitate was collected by filtration and abundantly washed with H₂O. The crude product was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂, extracted with aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The product was purified on a short silica plug using CH₂Cl₂ then CH₂Cl₂/acetone 4:1 as eluent, then melted under vacuum to remove all volatiles to give 0.144 g of the title compound (0.147 mmol, 61%). T_(g) 142° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3420, 3278, 3049, 3023, 2959, 2905, 2869, 1584, 1557, 1519, 1509, 1485, 1430, 1394, 1362, 1320, 1298, 1264, 1243, 1203, 1187, 1118, 1097, 1027, 996, 970, 945, 913, 874, 837, 808, 783, 736, 701, 687 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.20 (br s, 0.5H), 9.06 (br s, 0.5H), 8.97 (br s, 0.5H), 8.80 (br s, 0.5H), 8.51 (br s, 1H), 8.30 (br s, 2H), 7.97 (br s, 1H), 7.88 (br m, 1H), 7.40 (br d, 2H), 7.28 (br t, 1H), 7.20 (br d, 1H), 7.06 (br d, 2H), 6.97 (br s, 3H), 6.92 (br d, 2H), 6.84 (br d, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 3.96 (br s, 4H), 3.79 (br s, 4H), 2.81 (br s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 1.11 (s, 18H), 1.03 (s, 9H), 0.94 (s, 9H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 165.9, 164.1, 163.8, 151.9, 149.8, 149.1, 145.3, 141.3, 140.5, 140.0, 137.4, 137.0, 132.7, 128.3, 127.1, 126.9, 126.6, 126.3, 125.7, 125.2, 124.7, 124.3, 123.1, 121.2, 119.4, 117.7, 74.8, 33.6, 33.4, 31.2, 31.0, 27.2, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI) calcd. for C₆₃H₇₆N₆O₄ (m/e): 980.5928, found: 980.5957.

41. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromo-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (disubstitution)

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, K₂CO₃ (0.796 g, 5.76 mmol) and CTAB (0.05 g) were dissolved in H₂O (25 mL). Toluene (50 mL) was added, then the biphasic mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 15 min. 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.507 g, 1.44 mmol) and N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromo-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (0.5 g, 0.576 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h under inert atmosphere. The dark blue precipitate that formed was collected by filtration and washed with H₂O and CH₂Cl₂, then thoroughly dried under vacuum to give 0.664 g pure title compound (0.470 mmol, 82%): T_(g) 211° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3411, 3324, 3195, 3075, 2962, 2921, 2870, 1699, 1664, 1606, 1594, 1583, 1568, 1553, 1511, 1501, 1492, 1456, 1442, 1427, 1412, 1389, 1365, 1335, 1312, 1295, 1263, 1248, 1236, 1213, 1197, 1184, 1148, 1095, 1056, 1038, 1012, 998, 970, 937, 922, 885, 856, 836, 809, 795, 742, 715, 702, 662 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.52 (br s, 1H), 9.39 (br s, 1H), 9.09 (br s, 1H), 8.93 (br s, 1H), 8.73 (br s, 4H), 8.29 (br s, 2H), 8.00 (br s, 4H), 7.50 (br d, 4H), 7.43 (br t, 2H), 7.33 (br m, 8H), 7.00 (br s, 2H), 6.54 (s, 2H), 2.82 (br s, 6H), 2.70 (m, 4H), 2.14 (s, 12H), 1.03 (br d, 24H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 166.0, 164.0, 163.7, 162.84, 162.76, 145.3, 142.8, 140.2, 139.7, 137.0, 135.6, 131.9, 131.3, 130.5, 129.2, 128.7, 128.4, 127.9, 125.4, 123.7, 123.2, 122.0, 121.3, 121.2, 120.6, 117.8, 28.5, 27.2, 23.6, 21.0 ppm; HRMS (MALDI, MH⁺) calcd. for C₈₄H₇₉N₁₄O₄S₂ (m/e): 1411.5850, found: 1411.5866.

42. Reaction of 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine with N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromo-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (monosubstitution)

In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, K₂CO₃ (0.795 g, 5.75 mmol) was suspended in THF (50 mL), then the mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 15 min. 2-mexylamino-4-methylamino-6-(4-mercaptophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (0.487 g, 1.38 mmol) and N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromo-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (1.00 g, 1.15 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 h under inert atmosphere. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure, then the crude product was redissolved in minimal CH₂Cl₂, and the product was purified on a short silica plug using CH₂Cl₂ to remove unreacted starting material, then CH₂Cl₂/AcOEt 4:1, to give after thorough evaporation of the solvents 0.950 g pure title compound as a burgundy foam (0.833 mmol, 72%): T_(g) 206° C.; FTIR (CH₂Cl₂/KBr) 3420, 3346, 3195, 3102, 3065, 3027, 2964, 2930, 2869, 1709, 1669, 1621, 1586, 1559, 1538, 1518, 1497, 1457, 1444, 1430, 1413, 1388, 1363, 1335, 1306, 1242, 1198, 1181, 1148, 1094, 1057, 1040, 1013, 995, 969, 937, 919, 885, 859, 838, 809, 793, 770, 749, 741, 714, 698, 668 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 298K): δ 9.50 (br s, 0.5H), 9.40 (br s, 0.5H), 9.34 (br d, 1H), 9.04 (br s, 0.5H), 8.92 (br s, 0.5H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, ³J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (d, ³J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (br d, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.97 (br s, 2H), 7.40 (m, 4H), 7.33 (d, ³J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 7.26 (d, ³J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (br s, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 2.84 (br d, 3H), 2.69 (m, 4H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.08 (d, ³J=5.9 Hz, 12H), 1.03 (d, ³J=5.9 Hz, 6H), 0.98 (d, ³J=6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 165.9, 163.9, 163.6, 162.6, 162.1, 145.4, 145.2, 142.7, 142.6, 140.8, 140.7, 139.7, 137.1, 136.9, 135.3, 132.6, 132.3, 131.9, 131.7, 130.4, 129.3, 128.9, 128.6, 128.4, 128.2, 127.9, 127.0, 125.5, 123.7, 123.2, 122.2, 122.0, 121.6, 121.5, 120.5, 119.9, 117.8, 28.4, 27.2, 23.6, 21.0 ppm; HRMS (MALDI, MH⁺) calcd. for C₆₆H₆₀BrN₈O₄S (m/e): 1139.3642, found: 1139.3649.

Other Embodiments

From the foregoing description, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein to adapt it to various usages and conditions. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having Formula I:

or a salt thereof wherein: R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; and R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).
 2. The compound, according to claim 1, includes compounds of Formula I.2:

wherein q is an integer of 2 or
 3. 3. The compound, according to claim 2, includes compounds of Formula I.2 through I.12:


4. The compound, according to claim 1, includes a compound of Formula I.13,


5. The compound, according to claim 4, includes compounds of Formula I.14:

q is an integer of 2 or
 3. 6. The compound, according to claim 5, includes compounds of Formula I.17 and I.18:


7. The compound, according to claim 1, includes a compound of Formula I.17,


8. The compound, according to claim 7, includes compounds of Formula I.18:


9. The compound, according to claim 8 includes compounds of Formula I.19, I.20 and I.21:


10. The compound, according to claim 1, in which R¹ is 1) OR⁴, 2) OSO₂R⁴ 3) N(R⁴)₂, 4) SR⁴, 5) COR⁴, 6) CO₂R⁴, or 7) CON(R⁴)₂.
 11. The compound, according to claim 10, in which R¹ is NHCH₃.
 12. The compound, according to claim 1, in which R² is phenyl substituted with two or three R¹ substituents.
 13. The compound, according to claim 12, in which R² is selected from the group consisting of:


14. The compound, according to claim 1, in which R³ is phenyl substituted with one R^(A) substituent.
 15. The compound, according to claim 14 in which R^(A) is selected from the group consisting of: 1) Br, Cl, I, 2) OH, 3) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 4) OCHC═CH, 5) NH₂, 6) SH, 7) N₃, 8) CHO, 9) CO₂H 10) CO₂Et, 11) CH₂Br, 12) CH₂OH, 13) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, and 14)


16. The compound, according to claim 14, in which R³ is selected from the group consisting of:


17. The compound, according to claim 1, in which R³ is C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A).
 18. The compound, according to claim 17, in which R^(A) is selected from the group consisting of: OH, CO₂H and NH₂.
 19. The compound, according to claim 17, in which R³ is selected from the group consisting of:


20. A precursor compound of the following Formula 2:

or a salt thereof, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl.
 21. The precursor compound, according to claim 20, in which R¹⁰ is Me, Et or iPr.
 22. The precursor, according to claim 20, is


23. A process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) heating an intermediate compound of

with a R³NH₂ in the presence of a base so as to produce a compound of Formula I,

wherein R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-RA, 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; and R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).
 24. The process, according to claim 23, in which the base is Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylyamine.
 25. A process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) reacting an intermediate compound

with R¹NH₂ in the presence of a catalyst so as to produce a compound of Formula I,

wherein R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; and R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).
 26. A process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) heating

with

so as to produce a compound of Formula I

wherein R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A); and R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, OR⁴, SR⁴, OCOR⁴, OCO₂R⁴, OCONR⁴ ₂, SCOR⁴, SCO₂R⁴, SCONR⁴ ₂, OSO₂R⁴, OSO₃R⁴, OPO(OR⁴)₂, 1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl (OBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazolyl (OAt), 1-hydroxy-6-chlorobenzotriazolyl (OCt), ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetate, hydroxysuccinimidyl (OSu), and hydroxyphthalimidyl (OPhth).
 27. A process for the preparation of an intermediate of Formula 2:

the process comprising: a) reacting,

with R¹⁰—NH₂ at room temperature in the presence of a base so as to produce the intermediate, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.
 28. The process, according to claim 27, which the base is Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylyamine.
 29. A process for the preparation of a compound of Formula I, the process comprising: a) heating

with R³NH₂ so as to produce a compound of Formula I having the following formula

wherein R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A); R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; and R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr.
 30. A process for the preparation of a compound of the following Formula:

the process comprising: a) reacting

with R⁵-R¹³ in the presence of a base, the “-” between the R⁵ and the R¹³ indicating a covalent bond, wherein

R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁵ is 1) halogen or 2) OSO₂R⁴; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R¹⁰ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, for example Me, Et or iPr; R¹³ is an alkyl or acyl group containing one or several alkene, alkyne, halogen, sulfonate, alcohol, thiol, amine, azide, epoxy, carbonyl, or carboxyl groups; and X is N, O or S.
 31. A process for the preparation of a compound of the following Formula:

the process comprising: a) reacting

with i) R¹¹NO₂ or MNO₂ and ii) MR¹², wherein R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; and R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A). R¹¹ is C₁-C₆ alkyl; R¹² is an aryl or heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of: NH₂, OH, N₃, CN, formaldoxime (CH₂NOH), a thiocarboxylate (R³C(O)S), thiolate (R³S), dithiocarbamate (R³NC(S)S) and xanthate (R³OC(S)S salt; and M is a metal.
 32. Use of a compound having Formula I:

or a salt thereof, as an amorphous material, wherein: R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS; and R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A).
 33. A method of forming stable glassy phases in compounds otherwise incapable of doing so spontaneously during slow cooling from a melt at a rate equal to or lower than 10° C./min., the method comprising reacting a compound having Formula I:

or a salt thereof wherein: R¹ is 1) H, 2) halogen, 3) NO₂, 4) CN, 5) N₃, 6) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 7) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 8) haloalkyl, 9) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 10) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 11) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 12) aryl, 13) heteroaryl, 14) heterocyclyl, 15) OR⁴, 16) OSO₂R⁴, 17) N(R⁴)₂, 18) SR⁴, 19) SSR⁴, 20) COR⁴, 21) CO₂R⁴, 22) CON(R⁴)₂, 23) CH(R⁶)₂, 24) SOR⁴, 25) SO₂R⁴, 26) SO₃R⁴, 27) SON(R⁴)₂, 28) SO₂N(R⁴)₂, 29) P(R⁴)₂, 30) P(OR⁴)₂, 31) P(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 32) P(O)(R⁴)₂, 33) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 34) P(O)(NR⁴ ₂)₂, 35) B(R⁴)₂, 36) B(OR⁴)₂, 37) Si(R⁴)₃, or 38) Sn(R⁴)₃; R² is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 2) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 3) aryl, or 4) heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted with two or three R¹ substituents; R³ is 1) R^(A), 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 3) aryl-R^(A), 4) heteroaryl-R^(A), 5) aryl-R²⁰-R^(B), or 6) heteroaryl-R²⁰-R^(B); R⁴ is 1) H, 2) C₁-C₆ alkyl, 3) C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, 4) haloalkyl, 5) (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, where n is an integer of 0 to 20, 6) C₂-C₆ alkenyl, 7) C₂-C₄ alkynyl, 8) aryl, 9) heteroaryl, or 10) heterocyclyl; R⁶ is 1) NO₂, 2) CN, 3) C(O)R⁴, 4) CO₂R⁴, 5) C(O)N(R⁴)₂, 6) P(O)(OR⁴)₂, 7) P(O)(N(R⁴)₂)₂, 8) SO₂R⁴, or 9) SO₂N(R⁴)₂; R²⁰ is 1) O, 2) NH, 3) S, 4) C(O), 5) C(O)O, or 6) CONH; R^(A) is 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴, 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

or 26) NCO or NCS R^(B) is 1) C₁-C₆ alkyl-R^(A), 2) aryl-R^(A), or 3) heteroaryl-R^(A), with a compound of interest incapable of glass formation, the reaction taking place between the R^(A) substituent and an R^(C) substituent on the compound of interest so as to form a covalent bond therebetween, wherein the R^(C) is selected from the group consisting of: 1) halogen, 2) OSO₂R⁴, 3) OH, 4) OCH═CHR⁴, 5) OCH₂CH═CH₂, 6) OCHC═CR⁴ 7) N(R⁴)₂, 8) SH, 9) P(R⁴)₂, 10) CH═CHR⁴, 11) CH═CHC(O)OR⁴, 12) CCR⁴, 13) OCH₂C═CH, 14) CN, 15) N₃, 16) CHO, 17) C(O)R⁴, 18) CO₂R⁴, 19) B(OR⁴)₂, 20) Si(R⁴)₃, 21) Sn(R⁴)₃. 22) CH₂Br, 23) CH₂OH, 24) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂ OH, 25)

26) NCO, or 27) NCS.
 34. The method, according to claim 33 in which R^(C) is selected from the group consisting of: NH₂, OH, Br, CHO, CH₂Cl, CH₂Br, Si(CH₃)₂CH₂Cl, CCH, and B(OH)₂.
 35. The method, according to claim 33, in which the compound of interest is selected from the group consisting of:


36. The method, according to claim 35, in which the compound of interest is selected from the group consisting of: 